From Louis Guiliam Perre to Harley-Davidson
On Saturday April 5, 1818 the vehicle under the name the section car, supplied proud, though the unpronounceable name Velocipedraisivaporiana, made the debut in the Luxembourg gardens of Paris. Into action he was brought by the steam copper located behind. By the way, initially the section car called the vehicle invented at the end of the eighteenth century and looking as the bicycle entirely made of the tree without pedals. To force it to move, it was necessary to make a start from the earth the foot. Late Pierre Mischa and his children had the idea to attach the pedal to the forward wheel of the section car.
On December 24, 1869 Pierre gave to family of Mishea the small steam engine which could be attached to their "bicycle", and in the 1870th the first «the steam bicycle» was tested for distances in 16 km between Paris and Saint-Jermain.
However eventually the market was stabilized and the number of the companies decreased. Eventually 15 remained big American motor-producers ceased to exist as independent firms as a result of emergence of the joint ventures supervised by foreigners, or bankruptcies. Only two companies managed to live till the end of the Second World War: it is "Harley Davidson" and "Indian" (Indian) who was based in 1901, i.e. two years earlier "Harley Davidson". However gradually "Indian" was compelled to become the partner and the distributor of the first British Vincent brand, and then and others, such as to A.J.S., Matchless, Norto and Royal Enfield. Subsequently he had to suspend at all production in the USA. В1959 over the Indian company received the power of Associated Motocycles, A.J.S., Matchless and Norton. The brand of Indian was used up to 1962. After that some unsuccessful attempts to revive this prestigious brand were undertaken. The last was undertaken in 1994 when the company located in Albuquerque, the State of New Mexico, tried to make Indian prototype. So now only "Harley Davidson" is the unique American brand working actively and dynamically.
В1879 Italian Murnigotti patented the two-wheeled means equipped with the four-cycle engine in 0,5 h.p., but the car was never constructed.
On November 10, 1885 Gotlib Daimler and its assistant Vilgem Maybakh tested for the first time the motorcycle with the wooden frame and wheels which went thanks to the four-cycle internal combustion engine in capacity to 0.5 h.p. and could gather speed of 12 km/h. С1894 the first mass production of motorcycles began. There was it thanking Hildebrandta and Volfmyullera which made 2000 two-cylinder models with the engine in working volume of 1488 cm3. The quantity of brands quickly grew in the USA, and after the lapse of several years there were about 150 American producers among whom Thor which were also making engines for Indian, Merkel was the most known. Peerless and Yale. Immense territories and fast industrial development promoted competition growth. In addition to it producers not only copied, but also moderately possibilities improved production of each other that led to intensive improvement of the design of motorcycles.
The United States developed very dynamically. Two important factors promoted industrial growth: powerful inflow of immigrants and richness of natural resources. More than the half of farms represented the specialized and well mechanized farms. However, only the third of the population was engaged in farming, other Americans worked in the industry, trade and at transport. On the other hand, growth of the consumer ability, the credits entering into practice and rapid growth of the market of advertizing promoted development of any sales of equipment.
At the beginning of the century population of the USA made nearly seventy six million people, from which twenty million lived to the West from Mississippi. The network of the railways in extent of 220 000 miles was longer than total extent of the railways of Europe.
В1903 in automotive industry of the USA 180 producers though subsequently within 23 years their number decreased to 44 were. Leaders were "Chrysler", "General Motors" and "Ford" which let out more than 80 % of all cars. Nearly twenty million automobile cars went on roads of America. Air transport also developed: it is possible to tell that the first shout of "newborn" was distributed in the same 1903 when brothers Right carried out the first test flights. It is obvious that all this played important role in economic development of the country.
Production of motorcycles, also as well as release of cars, concentrated in the USA and Europe. The main distinction between these two industries consisted in level of profitability which was much lower at manufacturers of motorcycles. But founding fathers of the American motor-industry did not count money the main priority. They were idealists, passionate people who dreamed and after the embodiment of the projects on the drawing board or in the sketch, built that they considered as ideal car on which it was possible to cross the huge country. The beginning of the century favored to them: in 1910 the quantity of the motorcycles registered in the USA jumped up to 84 600.
The material is taken from the book “to Harley-Davidson: on Road of Life” (Albert Saladini and Pascal Stsimezak)
All articles of the section
(Yet did not estimate)
Loading...
