Choice and motor-rubber operation
Whatever heaped up was the motorcycle, its possibilities can be realised only reliable contact of tyres to road. Tyres poor-quality, not corresponding to motorcycle type, its high-speed possibilities and load-carrying capacity will bring to nothing the most progressive achievements world мотопрома, and in certain situations will threaten safety of the pilot and associates.
Is better to buy tyres in specialised shop. Especially responsibly concern a choice of import tyres for domestic devices.
Purchase “хоженой” rubbers is possible. But buy cautiously. Depth of a protector on Russian ПДД should be not less than 0,8 mm. Plural microcracks testify to solid age “обувки” – "antiques" avoid. Глубина протектора по российским ПДД должна быть не менее 0,8 мм. Множественные микротрещины свидетельствуют о солидном возрасте “обувки” – “антиквариата” избегайте.
Clear business, is things elementary. But, as it is paradoxical, them at times neglect. As if buy "rubber" to the enemy. Будто покупают “резину” врагу.
Decoding of designations
Designations are standardised and include: the name of model and firm of the manufacturer; the sizes of the tyre – width of a profile (in millimetres or inches), the relation of height of a profile to its width (in percentage), landing diameter (in millimetres or inches); an arrangement of layers of a cord (diagonal or radial); load-carrying capacity and speed indexes; the maximum pressure of air in the tyre; manufacturing date (week and year); tyre type – chamber or
For example, what such “150/80-16 58Н”? The expert will tell that the tyre diagonal, has width of 150 mm with height of 80 % from a full profile and landing diameter of a rim of 16 inches. 58Н designates that it is possible to go safely with loading of 236 kg for the speed to 210 km/h. 58Н обозначает, что можно безопасно ехать с нагрузкой 236 кг на скорости до 210 км/ч.
The index of speed is not the same that speed from what it is necessary to go, and as much as possible admissible speed at which normally beefy tyre is safe on road. It doesn't matter, if the speed ciphered in an index, appears considerably above technical possibilities of a motorcycle. Worse, if on the contrary. Then the manufacturer of a tyre cover does not guarantee its safety at high speeds. Happen that – and you will be guilty. Хуже, если наоборот. Тогда изготовитель покрышки не гарантирует ее сохранности при высоких скоростях. Случись что – и виноваты будете вы сами.
The load-carrying capacity index specifies, what maximum loading the tyre can bear. It is not necessary to summarise weight of a motorcycle, the driver and cargo and to halve. On a back wheel it is necessary a little больший weight (a proportion approximately 3:2). It is forbidden to establish on a motorcycle the new tyre with lower index of load-carrying capacity, than on original tyres. На заднее колесо приходится несколько больший вес (пропорция примерно 3:2). Запрещено устанавливать на мотоцикл новую шину с более низким индексом грузоподъемности, чем на оригинальных шинах.
Profiles
Tyres with a triangular protector (them company Dunlop for the first time has made) are intended for dorozhno-racing motorcycles. Such profile considerably increases the area of contact of the tyre with road at movement of a motorcycle with the big inclinations on turns that allows to take place them, avoiding lateral sliding and possible loss of stability at great speed. Tyres of a triangular profile on twisting roads are especially good. Особенно хороши шины треугольного профиля на извилистых дорогах.
At the same time it is noticed that on the routes supposing very high average speeds, protectors of such profile wear out faster. First of all, it concerns motorcycles with мощностными engines – they have a driving wheel proslipping is more often. Therefore in racing practice and on road
Flat tyres (as at the car) are admissible only on motorcycles with carriages or трайках which do not bend at turn. At all "singles" the profile should be rounded!
On motorcycles of last years established tyres with higher profile, than on modern devices. The tyre with the relation of height of a profile to its width (in percentage) H/В more than 82 % is called полнопрофильной, and less – низкопрофильной. If in a designation relation Н/В is not specified, means, it полнопрофильная. At низкопрофильных, in comparison with traditional, less elastic боковины that raises stability of a motorcycle on high speed and does it more precisely operated. Unfortunately, it is reached at the expense of comfort of the driver and load-carrying capacity of a motorcycle. High-speed сверхнизкопрофильные tyres (Н/В=60-50 %) are suitable only for smooth highways with high quality of a covering which in our country, behind a small exception, practically are not present. Если в обозначении не указано отношение Н/В, значит, она полнопрофильная. У низкопрофильных, по сравнению с традиционными, менее эластичные боковины, что повышает устойчивость мотоцикла на высокой скорости и делает его более точно управляемым. К сожалению, достигается это за счет комфорта водителя и грузоподъемности мотоцикла. Скоростные сверхнизкопрофильные шины (Н/В=60-50%) пригодны только для гладких шоссейных дорог с хорошим качеством покрытия, которых в нашей стране, за малым исключением, практически нет.
The width of a profile In is connected with width of a rim a parity б=0,70-0,75В, that is than more widely the tyre, especially wide should be and a rim. It is clear that the more widely the tyre, the it looks more impressively, but it is not necessary to forget about the natural terminator of width – chains.
With the same tyre narrower rim worsens stability and controllability of a motorcycle, and too wide will lower elasticity of the tyre and its durability.
Depending on that, полнопрофильная or низкопрофильная the tyre, at the same landing diameter of a rim changes external diameter (radius качения) tyre covers. It means that for preservation of former dynamic qualities of a motorcycle it is necessary to change the transfer relation of transmission or, simply speaking, to replace the leader (less often – conducted) an asterisk in chain transfer on a back wheel. If a motorcycle with карданной or a belt drive from installation of tyres of other dimension is better to refrain. Если же мотоцикл с карданной или ременной передачей, то от установки шин другой размерности лучше всего воздержаться.
For data: 15-inch высокопрофильная the tyre cover 170/80 has the same radius качения, as низкопрофильная 17-inch 190/50.
Radial or diagonal?
Have noticed the letter “R” or a sign “-” in a tyre designation before figure of the size of a rim? They designate a various way of packing of layers of a cord (radial or diagonal). Diagonal designs (“-”) were applied on motorcycles (and cars) last years. In such rubber cord layers keep within on a diagonal, one over another, at an angle concerning a longitudinal axis of 40 degrees. Usually keeps within four adjacent layers. A lack of such tyres for motorcyclists – the big weight, so, the worst dynamics. Диагональные конструкции (“-”) применялись на мотоциклах (и автомобилях) прошлых лет. В такой резине слои корда укладываются по диагонали, один поверх другого, под углом относительно продольной оси 40 градусов. Обычно укладывается четыре смежных слоя. Недостаток таких шин для мотоциклистов – большой вес, а значит, худшая динамика.
The design of diagonal tyres has become outdated, but them continue to let out for motorcycles of old models, "quiet" both heavy круизеров and devices for impassability where the main role is played by the big height of a profile.
In radial tyres (type “R”) all threads of a cord of a skeleton are located in parallel on radius from one board to another. Cord threads брекера* lie the same as in diagonal, only under the big corner. On the majority of operational indicators (resistance качению, elasticity and durability of a skeleton, wear resistance, ходимость and another) radial tyres surpass the diagonal. По большинству эксплуатационных показателей (сопротивление качению, эластичность и прочность каркаса, износостойкость, ходимость и другим) радиальные шины превосходят диагональные.
It is not recommended (and in many countries it is forbidden) to establish on a forward wheel radial, and on back – diagonal: it is dangerous. And on the contrary, radial back it is possible to combine with a diagonal lobby. But it is better also than it not to do, and to establish both tyre covers of an identical design. И наоборот, радиальную заднюю можно совмещать с диагональной передней. Но лучше и этого не делать, а устанавливать обе покрышки одинаковой конструкции.
Structure
“Rubber – it and in Africa rubber!” – so many think of structure of tyre covers. Actually as a part of a material of modern tyres rubber only in their basis, in the rest this creation of chemists. The quantity and type of additives define properties of tyres and in an end result their behaviour at driving. It is possible to copy drawing of a protector and the sizes of a tyre cover, and here chemical structure – never. Therefore it is not surprising that the original tyre of the known manufacturer and any cheap Asian fake it is separated on road, as the Arabian racer and a pony. На самом же деле в составе материала современных шин резина только в их основе, в остальном же это творение химиков. Количество и тип присадок определяют свойства шин и в конечном результате их поведение при езде. Скопировать можно рисунок протектора и размеры покрышки, а вот химсостав – никогда. Поэтому не удивительно, что оригинальная шина известного производителя и какая-нибудь дешевая азиатская подделка разнятся на дороге, как арабский скакун и пони.
Efficiency of coupling with road is defined not only protector drawing, but also structure. For each type of motorcycles there are characteristic requirements. For
Perfection of dynamic properties
Pressure
Surprising business, but the elementary operation on care of a motorcycle – pressure check in tyres – the most forgotten. And after all in all instructions it is offered: every week – “give and do not sin”. каждую неделю – “отдай и не греши”.
The elevated pressure though also is useful as a way of decrease in resistance качению, but can cause contact deterioration between the tyre and a road cloth. Besides, deterioration of the middle of a protector is accelerated, the behaviour of the tyre changes (and a motorcycle) on slippery coverings – after all the contact stain became less. Thus influence on a suspension bracket becomes more rigid, loadings increase by shock-absorbers … the most "correct" drivers Sin with driving with the pumped over tyres, strangely enough: they have not forgotten to pump up the tyre for transportation of the passenger or cargo, and here подспустить they to the necessary parametres do not suffice spirit … При этом воздействие на подвеску делается более жестким, нагрузки на амортизаторы увеличиваются… Грешат ездой с перекачанными шинами, как ни странно, наиболее “правильные” водители: они не забыли подкачать шины для перевозки пассажира или груза, а вот подспустить их до нужных параметров духу не хватает…
Much more dangerously driving with the lowered pressure in tyres when the probability of destruction of a cord because of the raised deformations increases, without speaking about inadequate behaviour of a motorcycle in turns. Pressure happens lowered on two reasons: somewhere there is air leak (then the tyre should be repaired) or it has been specially lowered by the driver for driving on slippery coverings. In the latter case do not forget what to move on the lowered a little tyre (pressure not below 0,8 kg/sm2) is admissible only out of firm coverings and on small speed. где-то идет утечка воздуха (тогда шину следует ремонтировать) или она была специально спущена водителем для езды по скользким покрытиям. В последнем случае не забывайте, что двигаться на приспущенной шине (давление не ниже 0,8 кг/см2) допустимо лишь вне твердых покрытий и на малой скорости.
Recommended pressure is necessarily specified on боковине tyres and in the instruction. Its value can differ at different models of tyres, therefore at their replacement it is necessary to specify, how many it is required. What to measure pressure follows to a trip when the tyre was not warmed up yet (at a warming up pressure can increase to 0,3 kg/sm2), reminds record on боковине, near to recommended pressure – cold. О том, что измерять давление следует до поездки, когда шина еще не разогрелась (при разогреве давление может возрастать до 0,3 кг/см2), напоминает запись на боковине, рядом с рекомендуемым давлением – cold.
Chamber and
Tyre covers with the chambers inserted inside were widely applied in former years when all wheels were спицованными. At installation
What it is necessary to know about the chamber? In case of a puncture it can be repaired, it is desirable vulcanization. However thus its reliability always decreases. It is more preferable to replace the chamber with the new. Manufacturers recommend to change the chamber simultaneously with a tyre cover. Однако при этом всегда снижается ее надежность. Предпочтительней камеру заменить на новую. Производители рекомендуют менять камеру одновременно с покрышкой.
Chamber tyres by words Tube type or TT are designated; domestic motorcycle tyres, by default, all chamber type. Nevertheless all of them meet on modern motorcycles less often. Тем не менее они все реже встречаются на современных мотоциклах.
At replacement
Balancing
The wheel disbalance is more notable (in the form of unpleasant vibrations), if it on a forward wheel and at driving on speeds above 100 km/h. Even if the motorcycle is maintained on low speeds and its owner is unreceptive to jolting, at неотбалансированного wheels much shorter life, than at отбалансированного.
To balance tyres follows after each branch of a tyre cover from a rim. One more "plus"
Aesthetics
All tyres "are painted" in black colour only because we wish them to see such. Colour of the tyre is defined by special painting additives. It costs nothing to manufacturers to make their red or blue, but there is no confidence that they will be bought up. Производителям ничего не стоит сделать их красными или голубыми, но нет уверенности, что их будут раскупать.
And here it is not necessary to approach to protector drawing from aesthetic reasons. It – the major means of your safety – and anything more. Especially at a rain. A protector of the forward tyre supply with mainly longitudinal flutes – they resist to lateral sliding of a wheel. By transfer of the big twisting moments by the back tyre it is useful, that on a protector there were cross-section flutes in a combination with longitudinal, that is drawing шашечного type or zigzag flutes. Особенно при дожде. Протектор передней шины снабжают преимущественно продольными канавками – они сопротивляются боковому скольжению колеса. При передаче больших крутящих моментов задней шиной полезно, чтобы на протекторе были поперечные канавки в сочетании с продольными, то есть рисунок шашечного типа или зигзагообразные канавки.
At driving on wet road it is rather important, that water had an exit from a zone of contact of a protector of the tyre with road. If flutes of a protector do not push out water at wheel rotation the motorcycle turns to a speedboat and becomes uncontrollable. Such phenomenon is called as "hydroplaning" – sliding of tyres on a water film. Такое явление называется “аквапланированием” – скольжением шин по пленке воды.
Additional designations
On боковину tyres put also an arrow-index (->), sometimes with inscription Rotation which shows a demanded direction of rotation of a wheel. If to establish the tyre incorrectly, water drainage from a protector will not be provided, and the motorcycle "not will want" to "stand" during a rain.
The letter “Е” in a circle with digital one- or a two-place index confirms that the given model has passed certification on conformity to the Rule № 30 ЕЭК the United Nations. A digital index – conditional number of the country which have spent certification (Russia in registers ЕЭК the United Nations appear under № 22).
Each manufacturer of tyres puts the trade mark. The features of a design consisting in various number of layers брекера and a skeleton or a cord material, also are fixed on boards. For example, inscriptions Tread: 4 plies (2 pliеs Rayon 2 plies Steel and Sidewall: 2 plies Nylon mean that брекер tyres 4-layer, consists of two layers of a viscose cord and two layers металлокорда, and боковины from two layers of a nylon cord. Например, надписи Tread: 4 plies (2 pliеs Rayon 2 plies Steel и Sidewall: 2 plies Nylon означают, что брекер шины 4-слойный, состоит из двух слоев вискозного корда и двух слоев металлокорда, а боковины из двух слоев нейлонового корда.
Storage
Happens that tyres and chambers are bought in good time or have got in the inheritance to technics a sekond-hand. Take care of their correct storage. If it not to make, the chamber in a year can already turn to dust, and the tyre cover will lose a part of wonderful properties. The frost and the sun is the combination which has seemed wonderful poet, is absolutely pernicious for any rubber. Store tyres strictly in a dark premise and at positive temperature (norm 25°С), far from heating pipes or oil. Know that the rubber basis of tyres does not suffer ozone which is allocated, for example, at work of electromotors (in a case искрения in щеточном knot). Chambers is better to hold semipumped up. At the combined chambers of a fold in due course provoke formation of cracks. Если этого не сделать, камера уже через год может превратиться в труху, а покрышка потеряет часть чудесных свойств. Мороз и солнце – это сочетание, показавшееся чудесным поэту, совершенно губительно для любой резины. Храните шины строго в темном помещении и при положительной температуре (норма 25°С), вдали от отопительных труб или масла. Знайте, что резиновая основа шин не терпит озон, который выделяется, например, при работе электромоторов (в случае искрения в щеточном узле). Камеры лучше всего держать полунакачанными. У сложенных камер складки со временем провоцируют образование трещин.
(Yet have not estimated)
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