Choice and motor-rubber operation
Whatever heaped up was the motorcycle, its possibilities can be realized only reliable contact of tires to road. Tires poor-quality, not corresponding to motorcycle type, its high-speed possibilities and load-carrying capacity will bring to nothing the most progressive achievements world мотопрома, and in certain situations will threaten safety of the pilot and associates.
Is better to buy tires in specialized shop. Especially responsibly concern a choice of import tires for domestic devices.
Purchase “хоженой” rubbers is possible. But buy carefully. Depth of a protector on the Russian traffic regulations should be not less than 0,8 mm. Plural microcracks testify to solid age “обувки” – "antiques" avoid.
Clear business, is things elementary. But, as it is paradoxical, them at times neglect. As if buy "rubber" to the enemy.
Decoding of designations
Designations are standardized and include: the name of model and firm of the manufacturer; the sizes of the tire – width of a profile (in millimeters or inches), the relation of height of a profile to its width (in percentage), landing diameter (in millimeters or inches); an arrangement of layers of a cord (diagonal or radial); load-carrying capacity and speed indexes; the maximum pressure of air in the tire; manufacturing date (week and year); tire type – chamber or tubeless; a direction of rotation of a wheel. And at last, on the tire as much as possible admissible pressure of air is put down.
For example, what such “150/80-16 58Н”? The expert will tell that the tire diagonal, has width of 150 mm with height of 80 % from a full profile and landing diameter of a rim of 16 inches. 58Н designates that it is possible to go safely with loading of 236 kg for the speed to 210 km/h.
The index of speed is not the same that speed from what it is necessary to go, and as much as possible admissible speed at which normally beefy tire is safe on road. It doesn't matter, if the speed ciphered in an index, appears considerably above technical possibilities of a motorcycle. Worse, if on the contrary. Then the manufacturer of a tire cover doesn't guarantee its safety at high speeds. Happen that – and you will be guilty.
The load-carrying capacity index specifies, what maximum loading the tire can bear. It is not necessary to summarize weight of a motorcycle, the driver and cargo and to halve. On a back wheel it is necessary a little больший weight (a proportion approximately 3:2). It is forbidden to establish on a motorcycle the new tire with lower index of load-carrying capacity, than on original tires.
Profiles
Tires with a triangular protector (them company Dunlop for the first time has made) are intended for dorozhno-racing motorcycles. Such profile considerably increases the area of contact of the tire with road at movement of a motorcycle with the big inclinations on turns that allows to take place them, avoiding lateral sliding and possible loss of stability at great speed. Tires of a triangular profile on twisting roads are especially good.
At the same time it is noticed that on the routes supposing very high average speeds, protectors of such profile wear out faster. First of all, it concerns motorcycles with мощностными engines – they have a driving wheel proslipping is more often. Therefore in racing practice and on road sport baizes wide tires with the rounded low profile are applied also, allowing to increase the area of contact of a protector with road. Cohesive force of a wheel that allows to realize high accelerations of a motorcycle raises and to make braking by more effective.
Flat tires (as at the car) are admissible only on motorcycles with carriages or трайках which don't bend at turn. At all "singles" the profile should be rounded!
On motorcycles of last years established tires with higher profile, than on modern devices. The tire with the relation of height of a profile to its width (in percentage) H/В more than 82 % is called полнопрофильной, and less – низкопрофильной. If in a designation relation Н/В isn't specified, means, it полнопрофильная. At низкопрофильных, in comparison with traditional, less elastic боковины that raises stability of a motorcycle on high speed and does it more precisely operated. Unfortunately, it is reached at the expense of comfort of the driver and load-carrying capacity of a motorcycle. High-speed сверхнизкопрофильные tires (Н/В=60-50 %) are suitable only for smooth highways with high quality of a covering which in our country, behind a small exception, practically aren't present.
The width of a profile In is connected with width of a rim a parity б=0,70-0,75В, that is than more widely the tire, especially wide should be and a rim. It is clear that the more widely the tire, the it looks more impressively, but it is not necessary to forget about the natural terminator of width – chains.
With the same tire narrower rim worsens stability and controllability of a motorcycle, and too wide will lower elasticity of the tire and its durability.
Depending on that, полнопрофильная or низкопрофильная the tire, at the same landing diameter of a rim changes external diameter (radius качения) tire covers. It means that for preservation of former dynamic qualities of a motorcycle it is necessary to change the transfer relation of transmission or, simply speaking, to replace the leader (less often – conducted) an asterisk in chain transfer on a back wheel. If a motorcycle with карданной or a belt drive from installation of tires of other dimension is better to refrain.
For data: 15-inch высокопрофильная the tire cover 170/80 has the same radius качения, as низкопрофильная 17-inch 190/50.
Radial or diagonal?
Have noticed a letter “R” or a sign “-” in a tire designation before figure of the size of a rim? They designate a various way of packing of layers of a cord (radial or diagonal). Diagonal designs (“-”) were applied on motorcycles (and cars) last years. In such rubber cord layers keep within on a diagonal, one over another, at an angle concerning a longitudinal axis of 40 degrees. Usually keeps within four adjacent layers. A lack of such tires for motorcyclists – the big weight, so, the worst dynamics.
The design of diagonal tires has become outdated, but them continue to let out for motorcycles of old models, "quiet" both heavy круизеров and devices for impassability where the main role is played by the big height of a profile.
In radial tires (type “R”) all threads of a cord of a skeleton are located in parallel on radius from one board to another. Cord threads брекера* lie the same as in diagonal, only under the big corner. On the majority of operational indicators (resistance качению, elasticity and durability of a skeleton, wear resistance, ходимость and another) radial tires surpass the diagonal.
It is not recommended (and in many countries it is forbidden) to establish on a forward wheel radial, and on back – diagonal: it is dangerous. And on the contrary, radial back it is possible to combine with a diagonal lobby. But it is better also than it not to do, and to establish both tire covers of an identical design.
Structure
“Rubber – it and in Africa rubber!” – so many think of structure of tire covers. Actually as a part of a material of modern tires rubber only in their basis, in the rest this creation of chemists. The quantity and type of additives define properties of tires and in the end result their behavior at driving. It is possible to copy drawing of a protector and the sizes of a tire cover, and here chemical structure – never. Therefore it is not surprising that the original tire of the known manufacturer and any cheap Asian fake it is separated on road, as the Arabian racer and a pony.
Efficiency of coupling with road is defined not only protector drawing, but also structure. For each type of motorcycles there are characteristic requirements. For sport bikes important, how fast tires heat up: the warm provides higher factor of coupling, than cold. High bearing ability of the tire, actual for heavy кастомов and туреров, demands application as a part of tires of other components. Softness of drafts of a protector on slippery soil lines, and rigidity – on stony sites is necessary for off-road motorcycles.
Perfection of dynamic properties of sport bikes in many respects stimulated improvement of structure of rubber – to raise factor of coupling with road. At the same time the durability of the tires subject strong истиранию under the influence of frequent braking and the big twisting moments, transferred by a driving wheel is important. Simultaneously to solve necessity both problems creates great difficulties: tires with softer grades of rubber, let and improving coupling with road, wear out much faster. Special racing, for sport bikes make of the most high-quality grades of rubber, and for a skeleton use a nylon fabric. Application of this material allows to make a tire cover strong, easy, elastic. Such tires heat up in an operating time less. There are tires and a steel cord raising durability.
Pressure
Surprising business, but the elementary operation on care of a motorcycle – pressure check in tires – the most forgotten. And after all in all instructions it is offered: every week – “give and don't sin”.
The elevated pressure though also is useful as a way of decrease in resistance качению, but can cause contact deterioration between the tire and a road cloth. Besides, deterioration of the middle of a protector is accelerated, the behavior of the tire changes (and a motorcycle) on slippery coverings – after all the contact stain became less. Thus influence on a suspension bracket becomes more rigid, loadings increase by shock-absorbers … the most "correct" drivers Sin with driving with the pumped over tires, strangely enough: they haven't forgotten to pump up the tire for transportation of the passenger or cargo, and here подспустить they to the necessary parameters don't suffice spirit …
Much more dangerously driving with the lowered pressure in tires when the probability of destruction of a cord because of the raised deformations increases, without speaking about inadequate behavior of a motorcycle in turns. Pressure happens lowered on two reasons: somewhere there is air leak (then the tire should be repaired) or it has been specially lowered by the driver for driving on slippery coverings. In the latter case don't forget what to move on the lowered a little tire (pressure not below 0,8 kg/sm2) is admissible only out of firm coverings and on small speed.
Recommended pressure is necessarily specified on боковине tires and in the instruction. Its value can differ at different models of tires, therefore at their replacement it is necessary to specify, how many it is required. What to measure pressure follows to a trip when the tire wasn't warmed up yet (at a warming up pressure can increase to 0,3 kg/sm2), reminds record on боковине, near to recommended pressure – cold.
Chamber and tubeless
Tire covers with the chambers inserted inside were widely applied in former years when all wheels were спицованными. At installation of the tubeless tire such wheels would have problems with consolidation of apertures under nipples of spokes. Spitsovannye wheels of some modern motorcycles (for example, BMW) have the special design of a rim solving a problem of consolidation.
What it is necessary to know about the chamber? In case of a puncture it can be repaired, it is desirable vulcanization. However thus its reliability always decreases. It is more preferable to replace the chamber with the new. Manufacturers recommend to change the chamber simultaneously with a tire cover.
Chamber tires by words Tube type or TT are designated; domestic motorcycle tires, by default, all chamber type. Nevertheless all of them meet on modern motorcycles less often.
Tubeless tires are designated by word Tubeless or TL. Quite often use chambers as time means – before the termination of repair of the tubeless tire. However to it resort only in case on the tire there are no marks TLO or Tubeless only (“Only without the chamber”). In this case the internal size of the tire isn't calculated under chamber use, and such measure can be dangerous. Besides, шинники assert that long use of the chamber in the tubeless tire causes deterioration of a "gentle" inside layer of rubber, and the subsequent operation of the tire in its initial tubeless condition will be impossible.
At replacement of the tubeless tire don't forget about one trifle: it is necessary to establish also the new gate inserted into an aperture of a rim.
Balancing
The wheel disbalance is more notable (in the form of unpleasant vibrations), if it on a forward wheel and at driving on speeds above 100 km/h. Even if the motorcycle is maintained on low speeds and its owner is unreceptive to jolting, at неотбалансированного wheels much shorter life, than at отбалансированного.
To balance tires follows after each branch of a tire cover from a rim. One more "plus" of tubeless tires consists in it: at small damages them repair without assorting a wheel.
Esthetics
All tires "are painted" in black color only because we want them to see such. Color of the tire is defined by special painting additives. It costs nothing to manufacturers to make their red or blue, but there is no confidence that they will be bought up.
And here it is not necessary to approach to protector drawing from esthetic reasons. It – the major means of your safety – and anything more. Especially at a rain. A protector of the forward tire supply with mainly longitudinal flutes – they resist to lateral sliding of a wheel. By transfer of the big twisting moments by the back tire it is useful, that on a protector there were cross-section flutes in a combination with longitudinal, that is drawing шашечного type or zigzag flutes.
At driving on wet road it is rather important, that water had an exit from a zone of contact of a protector of the tire with road. If flutes of a protector don't push out water at wheel rotation the motorcycle turns to a speedboat and becomes uncontrollable. Such phenomenon is called as "hydroplaning" – sliding of tires on a water film.
Additional designations
On боковину tires put also an arrow-index (->), sometimes with inscription Rotation which shows a demanded direction of rotation of a wheel. If to establish the tire incorrectly, water drainage from a protector won't be provided, and the motorcycle "not will want" to "stand" during a rain.
The letter “Е” in a circle with digital one- or a two-place index confirms that the given model has passed certification on conformity to the Rule № 30 ЕЭК the United Nations. A digital index – conditional number of the country which have spent certification (Russia in registers ЕЭК the United Nations appear under № 22).
Each manufacturer of tires puts the trade mark. The features of a design consisting in various number of layers брекера and a skeleton or a cord material, also are fixed on boards. For example, inscriptions Tread: 4 plies (2 pliеs Rayon 2 plies Steel and Sidewall: 2 plies Nylon mean that брекер tires 4-layer, consists of two layers of a viscose cord and two layers металлокорда, and боковины from two layers of a nylon cord.
Storage
Happens that tires and chambers are bought in good time or have got in the inheritance to technics a sekond-hand. Take care of their correct storage. If it not to make, the chamber in a year can already turn to dust, and the tire cover will lose a part of wonderful properties. The frost and the sun is the combination which has seemed wonderful poet, is absolutely pernicious for any rubber. Store tires strictly in a dark premise and at positive temperature (norm 25°С), far from heating pipes or oil. Know that the rubber basis of tires doesn't suffer ozone which is allocated, for example, at work of electromotors (in a case искрения in щеточном knot). Chambers is better to hold semipumped up. At the combined chambers of a fold in due course provoke formation of cracks.
(Yet haven't estimated)
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